Ecuador climate: average weather, temperature, precipitation (2023)

As the name suggests, Ecuador is bisected (in the north) by the Equator, the imaginary line that divides the Earth into two halves, and where the day lasts 12 hours throughout the year. Therefore, one would expect an equatorial climate, hot and humid with year-round rains, but this is only true for the eastern part of the country and the northernmost part of the coast, both covered by forests. In fact, the central part is crossed by the Andes and is therefore more or less cold depending on altitude, while almost all of the western part, on both the plain and the coast, is affected by a cool ocean current (the Humboldt current), which lowers a bit the temperature and makes the climate more arid.

Index
• The forest - Puyo
• The plain - Esmeraldas, Manta, Santa Elena, Salinas
• The Andes - Quito
• El Niño

The forest

In the northernmost part of the coast, we find a small area occupied by forests and mangroves, where the climate is equatorial, hot and humid all year round, with constant rains; in Valdez, near the border with Colombia, 2,400 millimeters (95 inches) of rain fall per year.
Across the vast Amazon area to the east, the climate is equatorial as well. The amount of rainfall is quite remarkable, around 2,800/3,000 millimeters (110/118 inches) per year in most of the plains. The rains occur primarily in the form of heavy showers or thunderstorms in the afternoon. The (relatively) least rainy period is from August to November in the north-west, while in the Amazon, it is from November to March, when, however, from 150 to 200 mm (6 to 8 in) of rain fall per month. The average temperature ranges from 26 °C (79 °F) in the Southern Hemisphere's summer (December-January) to 23 °C (73 °F) in winter (with July as the coolest month). Relative humidity is constantly high and makes the heat sweltering.
In the central area of the country, along the eastern slopes of the Andes, we find the rainiest part of the country.

Puyo

In the city of Puyo, at almost 1,000 meters (3,300 feet) above sea level, and therefore at the boundary between the tierras calientes and the tierras templadas, 4,300 millimeters (170 inches) of rain fall per year, and it rains almost every day. Here is the average precipitation.

The only consolation is that the altitude makes the temperatures pleasant: the daily average is around 20 °C (68 °F) all year round. Here, it doesn't really make sense to speak of "best time", however, January and February are the only months when rainfall amounts to "only" 300 mm (12 in) per month.
Here are the average temperatures of Puyo.

In Puyo, there is not much sun because the sky is often cloudy.

In the whole east of the country, in the vast area occupied by the Amazon forest, the altitude drops to 200/300 meters (600/1,000 feet), so the heat is intense and muggy all year round.

The plain

West of the Andes, we find a plain, which has a tropical climate, with a dry season (which goes from July to November in the north and from May to December in the south) and a wet season (December to June in the north and January to April in the south), although the rainfall varies greatly: in general, the coasts are drier than the areas at the foothills of the Andes, and the north receives more rainfall than the south.

In the northern part of the coast (see Esmeraldas, Atacames), it is hot all year round.

Esmeraldas

Here are the average temperatures in Esmeraldas.

In this area of the coast, some rains, in the form of showers or thunderstorms, can occur throughout the year, even though rains of some importance, and sometimes abundant, occur only in the first months of the year.

In Esmeraldas and Atacames, the sun is rarely seen all year round; above all, it is rare for it to shine intensely, since it is often veiled by mist or by a cloud layer; paradoxically, this happens more often in the driest period. Here are the sunshine hours in Esmeraldas.

The sea in the northern part of the coast is warm all year round.

Manta

In the central part of the coast, the temperature is still high throughout the year, though it slightly decreases in the austral winter and spring, as we can see from the temperature of Manta.

Already in the central part of the coast, the cool sea current inhibits the formation of rain clouds for many months a year: rainfall amounts to 500 mm (20 in) in Bahia de Caraquez and to only 250 mm (10 in) in Manta. Here is the average rainfall in Manta.

Nevertheless, here too, the amount of sunshine is low, in fact, the sky is often cloudy, and fogs and mists often form, especially in the dry period.

In the central part of the coast too, the sea is warm enough for swimming all year round, though it is slightly warmer in the first months of the year.

Santa Elena

In the southern part of the coast, in the province of Santa Elena (see Santa Elena, Salinas, La Libertad, General Villamil Playas), there is a peninsula in which even a desert is found; in fact, rainfall is lower than 150 mm (6 in) per year, and it's concentrated in the period from January to April, which, however, is when tourists frequent the beaches, also because the sea is warmer.

Salinas

Salinas is the westernmost city in Ecuador, and it's located at the tip of the Santa Elena Peninsula. Here are the average temperatures: as you can see, the temperature becomes quite cool from June to November.

It is true that the rains are generally very scarce even in the rainy period, but in El Niño years, there can be heavy rains; moreover, the sea can rise, and during high tide, anomalous waves can cause coastal flooding.
Here is the average precipitation in Salinas.

In addition, in the rainy period, although it's the warmest of year, sunshine is not so frequent because there is often a haze that veils the sun. In the period from June to November, the heat is less intense, actually, it is almost too cool to go to the beach, and it never rains. It must be said that the amount of sunshine is not very good even in this period, actually, it is even worse. Here are the sunshine hours in Salinas.

In the southern part of the coast, the sea becomes a little cool from July to November, as you can see in the following table, regarding the sea temperature near Playas.

As you move away from the coast, the influence of cool current decreases and the rains increase, reaching the highest levels at the foot of the Andes. From south to north, precipitation ranges from 1,000 mm (40 in) per year in Guayaquil, to 2,000 mm (79 in) in Montoya, to 2,800 mm (110 in) in Santo Domingo de los Colorados, where it rains a lot from February to April, and it still rains heavily enough in June: here, the driest months are definitely July and August, with less than 40 mm (1.6 in) per month, anyway, rainfall remains below 70 mm (2.8 in) per month from July to November.
Here is the average rainfall in Guayaquil, in the south-central part, a short distance from the coast.

The Andes

The central part of Ecuador is crossed by the Andes, which are divided into two mountain ranges and include several volcanoes of considerable height. Glaciers start at a height of about 5,000 meters (16,500 ft). In the Cordillera Occidental lies Chimborazo volcano, the highest peak of the country with its 6,268 meters (20,564 feet), while in the Cordillera Real, we find Cotopaxi, 5,897 meters (19,347 ft), Antisana, 5,704 meters (18,714 ft) and Cayambe, 5,790 meters (18,996 ft).

Quito

Between the mountain ranges, there is a plateau, where we find important cities, such as Quito, which is located at 2,850 meters (9,350 ft) above sea level and is the second highest capital in the world. Here, the temperatures are mild, spring-like throughout the year: highs are around 19/20 °C (66/68 °F), although some days can be a bit warmer, and lows are around 9/10 °C (48/50 °F), although the night temperature can sometimes approach the freezing point.

Rainfall in Quito amounts to 1,100 mm (43 in) per year, and it is more frequent and abundant from October to May. Therefore, the best time here is from June to mid-September, but in reality, the only months where it rarely rains are July and August. Here is the average precipitation.

Quito does not get a lot of sun throughout the year, however, the sun shines a bit more frequently in the dry period.

At higher altitudes, the temperature decreases further. At 3,500 meters (11,500 ft), the daily average temperature is around 7/8 °C (45/46 °F) throughout the year, which means that it's cold, and at night it can freeze.
Other cities located at high altitudes in the Andes are drier than the capital. For example, rainfall totals 710 mm (28 in) per year in Cuenca, in the south, and 625 mm (24.5 in) in Ibarra, in the north.
Along the western slopes of the Andes, even at low altitudes, the sky is often overcast during the coolest and driest season (July-December).

El Niño

As already mentioned, the climate of Ecuador is affected by a cycle in which normal periods alternate with those called El Niño and La Niña. During the years of "El Niño", the sea level rises by about 2/3 centimeters (1 inch), the water (and air) temperature rises by a few degrees, and heavy rains affect the coastal zones in the period from December to May, with possible floods. The Andean areas receive more rainfall than usual as well. On the contrary, during the years of "La Niña", the temperature of the sea (and that of the air as well) becomes cooler than normal, and rainfall becomes scarcer.

See also the climate of the Galápagos.

When to go and what to pack in Ecuador